BACH1 and Alzheimer disease: Thus, unlike DMF, which activates Nrf2 through its electrophilic properties and results in off-target effects, the bipartite small molecule HPPE is a non-electrophile and represents a promising therapeutic agent for AD [64] that simultaneously activates Nrf2 and inhibits Bach1 to upregulate both Nrf2-dependent and Nrf2-independent genes.