IL6 and influenza: For instance, we found a notable overlap of the most strongly suppressed transcriptional pathways (e.g., type-1 interferon signaling, IFN-γ signaling, IL-6 signaling, and various pathways related to neutrophil effector responses) between our model and a prior study in human patients with IAPA versus influenza only using a similar methodology (nCounter-based transcriptomics with pathway enrichment analysis) (14).