Thus, it is highly likely that the ability of NTR-TLP to bind the cell membrane before spike activation by proteolysis (C. Arias et al., 1996; Gilbert & Greenberg, 1998; Graham & Estes, 1980; Rodríguez et al., 2014) is mediated by the head lectin domains, although this binding cannot initiate a productive infection. The gene discussed is NTSR1; the disease is infection.