Lung cell suspensions were stained with Annexin V and propidium iodide (PI) at day 3 after infection with Nb, AF, and SA and analyzed by flow cytometry to identify early apoptotic (Annexin V+, PI−), early necrotic (Annexin V−, PI+), and late apoptotic/necrotic populations (Annexin V+, PI+), as previously described25. Here, ANXA5 is linked to infection.