Systemic inflammation also plays a pivotal role in AD pathology.Elevated levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines, including interleukin-1beta (IL-1β), interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor alpha(TNFα), and interferon-gamma (IFN-γ), exacerbate neuroinflammationand neuronal dysfunction.10 These cytokinesinteract with peripheral systems, such as the gut microbiota, furtherhighlighting the interconnectedness of systemic and CNS pathologyin AD. This evidence concerns the gene TNF and Alzheimer disease.