IL1B and Alzheimer disease: Systemic inflammation also plays a pivotal role in AD pathology.Elevated levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines, including interleukin-1beta (IL-1β), interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor alpha(TNFα), and interferon-gamma (IFN-γ), exacerbate neuroinflammationand neuronal dysfunction.10 These cytokinesinteract with peripheral systems, such as the gut microbiota, furtherhighlighting the interconnectedness of systemic and CNS pathologyin AD.