LCN2 and acute kidney injury: Our study demonstrated that biomarkers such as [TIMP-2]•[IGFBP7], TIMP-2, IGFBP7, NGAL, and L-FABP effectively predicted short-term events influenced by AKI stages 2–3 and the full AKI spectrum, including stage 1, which constitutes the majority of CSA–AKI cases.