IL6 and Gastrointestinal inflammation: Notably, the synbiotic treatment exhibited the most robust anti-inflammatory effects by significantly inhibiting the DSS-induced upregulation of several pro-inflammatory cytokines (including IL-6, TNF-α, IL-17A, IL-1α, and CCL2) and effectively restoring the levels of anti-inflammatory cytokines such as IL-10 and TGF-β, highlighting its potential as a more effective therapeutic strategy for managing gastrointestinal inflammation.