Among hubs/bottlenecks characterizing IPD and PD-GBA1 groups, we found superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1), an essential antioxidant enzyme, and the heat shock protein 75 kDa (TRAP1), which is a regulator of mitochondrial homeostasis; both proteins are implicated in protection against oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction associated with PD pathogenesis [49, 50]. This evidence concerns the gene GBA1 and Parkinson disease.