MALT1 and cancer: In cancer, MALT1 activity supports tumor cell survival, proliferation, and metastasis, suggesting that targeting MALT1 may be a promising anticancer strategy.[28] PIK3CD, a catalytic subunit of PI3K, activates downstream effectors like AKT/PKB, influencing cellular growth, survival, metabolism, and playing roles in tumor proliferation, metastasis, and invasion, thus affecting the prognosis of various cancers.[29,30]