SNCA and Parkinson disease: Parkinson’s disease, first described by James Parkinson in 1817, is a complex, age-related, progressive, and multisystem neurodegenerative condition associated with dopaminergic neuronal loss and formation of α-synuclein (α-Syn) protein aggregation in neurons of the substantia nigra (SN) (Ben-Shlomo et al., 2024).