Future research should concentrate on (1) elucidating nAChR roles in genetic PD subtypes (e.g., GBA or SNCA mutation carriers), (2) developing disease-modifying strategies targeting nAChR-ligand interactions beyond symptomatic relief, and (3) integrating multi-omics approaches to identify nAChR-associated biomarkers predictive of therapeutic response. Here, CHRNA4 is linked to Parkinson disease.