The influence of the intestinal microbiota on anticancer immune response can vary depending on microbial species: bacteria found in ICIs responders showed different types of immune modulations, such as Bifidobacterium fragilis, which activated T-helper1 cells and cross-reactivity between bacterial and tumor antigens [12]; it was also observed that gut microbiota could induce cluster differentiation (CD)8+ T cell activation and promote CD4+ T cell differentiation, while reducing Treg levels [29]. This evidence concerns the gene CD4 and neoplasm.