Additionally, NTZ reduced synovial inflammation and bone erosion in CIA mice by decreasing inflammatory mediator production and osteoclast formation, supporting its potential as an anti-inflammatory and anti-erosive agent for RA.[53] In contrast, the present study used a CFA-induced arthritis model in rats and found that NTZ similarly lowered serum TNF-α and IL-6 levels, reducing synovitis, pannus formation, and bone/cartilage destruction in histological analyses of the toe joints. This evidence concerns the gene IL6 and rheumatoid arthritis.