In a study involving 355 bladder cancer patients and non-malignant hematuria patients, urine PCR detection of IQGAP3/BMP4 and IQGAP3/FAM107A showed a sensitivity of 71.0%, specificity of 88.6%, and an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.862 (Xu et al., 2019). Here, BMP4 is linked to urinary bladder cancer.