Consistently, no significant changes were found in MC903-induced AD-like model mice or NC/Nga AD-like model mice compared with their respective controls (Supplementary Figures 4a, b); however, the serum S100A8/9 levels in these mice were significantly increased (Supplementary Figure 4c left (MC903), 4c right (NC/Nga)). Here, S100A8 is linked to Alzheimer disease.