IL13 and Alzheimer disease: While no significant changes were observed in the gene expression of IL-1β, IL-4, IL-6, and IL-13 levels, we found a substantial upregulation of S100A8 and S100A9 gene expression in the renal cortex of DNCB-induced AD-like model mice, both of which are associated with neutrophils and M1 macrophages (Figure 5).