CCL5 KO mice have not been fully analyzed, but clinical indicators suggest involvement. CCL5 levels in CSF were higher in MS patients than in controls. CCL5 expression in the CNS has been reported in the EAE model, similar to clinical findings in MS. Modified CCL5 ligands are effective in controlling symptoms and neurodegenerative diseases (51, 62). Immunological neutralization of CCL5 in the EAE model has shown conflicting results (51, 63). Here, CCL5 is linked to neurodegenerative disease.