The bulk of PD models involves neurotoxicity produced by toxins such as 6-OH-Dopamine (6-OHDA), 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1, 2, 3, 6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP), LPS, and rotenone, as well as a few via deletion of genes such as parkin and asyn in mice.58,59 Many of the toxins stated above will cause PD by activating microglia, which leads to the production of inflammatory cytokines like TNF and IL-1, which are the fundamental causes of PD. Here, TNF is linked to Parkinson disease.