ESR1 and autoimmune disease: MS is one of the CNS inflammatory autoimmune disorders, a classical autoimmune disease that results in injury to oligodendrocytes, loss of myelin, and neurological dysfunction.215 Studies have clarified selective estrogen-receptor modulators increase CNS remyelination independent of estrogen receptors.216 Previous studies have revealed six miRNAs (miR-422a, miR-572, miR-1826, miR-614, miR-648, miR-1826, miR-22, and miR-614) that are implicated in MS.217 Among these miRNAs, miR-22 may inhibit estrogen signaling by targeting the estrogen receptor alpha mRNA.