Conversely, serum glypican-4 levels were paradoxically lower in newly diagnosed T2DM patients compared to those with normal pregnant women, and reduced glypican-4 levels also observed in an ob/ob mice model with elevated blood glucose and hyperinsulinemia, suggesting a complex role for glypican-4 in glucose metabolism dysregulation (8, 24). Here, GPC4 is linked to type 2 diabetes mellitus.