CD8A and benign neoplasm: Immunohistochemical staining of macrophage marker (CD163) and CD8+ T cell marker (CD8) in benign ACAs and malignant adrenal cortical carcinomas (ACC) revealed that CD163 expression was significantly higher in benign tumors, while CD8 expression was markedly elevated in malignant tumors (Figure 6C–F), aligning with the previous findings.