146 The gut microbiota plays a crucial role in the immune system by influencing the differentiation of certain types of immune cells and their inflammatory functions in part via the regulation of the nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) pathway.147 Additionally, butyrate and propionate are known to exert anti-inflammatory effects by affecting immune cell migration, adhesion, and cytokine production.148 Furthermore, propionate promote the surface expression of natural killer group 2D receptor (NKG2D) ligands on cells, thereby boosting the immune response in CRC.148. The gene discussed is NFKB1; the disease is colorectal carcinoma.