TNIP3 and infection: In THP-1 monocytes, wild-type infection leads to significantly higher transcript levels of SBNO2 and TNIP3 compared to ΔsarA. The induction of these anti-inflammatory genes is not simply secondary to IL-10 production, as THP-1 monocytes demonstrated minimal phospho-STAT3 in response to IL-10 stimulation (Figure S2A).