Elevated YKL-40 levels were associated with longer diabetes duration, higher BMI and WHR, alcohol overconsumption, smoking, lower physical activity, higher HbA1c, lower insulin sensitivity (HOMA2-S), lower kidney function (albuminuria and lower eGFR), and higher triglycerides (but not LDL cholesterol) and CRP. This evidence concerns the gene CHI3L1 and diabetes mellitus.