NFE2L2 and neoplasm: As such, tumor cells develop multiple mechanisms to elevate their antioxidant capacities for redox homeostasis and prevention of ROS-elicited cell death [4], such as augmented activity of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) for NAPDH generation [5], and activation of a list of transcription factors, including activator protein 1, HIF-1α, nuclear erythroid 2-related factor (NRF2), heat shock factor 1, nuclear factor kB, and tumor suppressor protein p53 [6].