CD8A and neoplasm: As the abundance of expanded CD8+ clones per sample was significantly higher than that of CD4+ clones for both tumor and blood samples (p = 1.22 × 10−61 and 1.07 × 10−25, respectively, Figure S1D), we decided to focus solely on expanded CD8+ clones for the following downstream analysis while considering only clones that do not target any known non-cancerous antigens (method details).