In addition to hepatocytes and HCC cells, the HCC TME involves the following cells: (1) immune cells, such as neutrophils, circulating monocytes/macrophages, resident macrophages (Kupffer cells), DCs, NK cells, natural killer T (NKT) cells, B cells, and T cells such as CD8+ T cells, CD4+ T cells, Tregs, and γδ T cells [82] and (2) other liver-resident cells in the environment or stroma surrounding the HCC cells, such as hepatic stellate cells (HSCs), fibroblasts, and liver sinusoidal endothelial cells [83, 84]. Here, CD4 is linked to hepatocellular carcinoma.