TNF-a expression is also induced in neurons in the hippocampi of rats with HE.[48] NF-κB is a major transcription factor that controls the expression of many proinflammatory genes, including TNF-a,[49,50] and participates in inflammasome regulation.[51] Studies have shown that TNF-a produced in glia activates TNFR1 in Purkinje neurons, inducing the translocation of NF-κB to the nucleus and increasing the transcription of TNF-a mRNA and the synthesis of the TNF-a protein. Here, TNF is linked to hereditary elliptocytosis.