With consistence, correlation was observed between LHX1 and lymph node metastasis, infiltration of multiple immune cells (including CD8+ T cells, B cells, dendritic cells, antigen-presenting cells, neutrophils and regulatory T cells) and enrichment of immune functions in patients (including B-cell receptor signaling pathway, PD-L1 expression, and the PD-1 checkpoint pathway) (Pan et al., 2024). Here, LHX1 is linked to metastatic malignant neoplasm in the lymph nodes.