Of all the targets that predominate in the low-risk group, immune checkpoint inhibitors against PDCD1, CD27, CD40LG, BTLA and LAG3 have been approved for clinical use or trials in patients with other tumors (Sharma et al., 2024; Lutfi et al., 2021; Liu et al., 2021; Dalle et al., 2024; Ibrahim et al., 2023), and thus, worthy to be tried in LC patients. Here, CD40LG is linked to laryngotracheoesophageal cleft.