In a mouse model of myocardial fibrosis induced by a combination of isoproterenol and ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA), research has found that UDCA, through the activation of TGR5, significantly alleviated the degree of myocardial fibrosis and reduced the expression of type I and III collagen, as well as TGF-β1 protein (Reilly-O'Donnell et al., 2024; Li et al., 2017). This evidence concerns the gene TGFB1 and Myocardial fibrosis.