The findings from this study suggest that changes in serum biomarkers, including platelet-derived growth factor-BB, fibrinogen activator inhibitor-1, CCL18, and YKL-40 in patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), are associated with the downregulation of Gal-3 (31). This evidence concerns the gene CCL18 and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis.