NFKB1 and Myocardial fibrosis: This upregulation is mediated through activation of signaling pathways, including p38 MAPK, p42/44MAPK, and NF-κB, inducing myocardial fibrosis and hypertrophy, ultimately contributing to myocardial diastolic dysfunction (Lekawanvijit et al., 2010; Shimazu et al., 2013).