INS and Insulin resistance: In the overall sample, a higher RER was associated with higher fasting glucose (1.7; 95% CI 0.66, 2.8; P = .002), higher fasting insulin, (1.9; 95% CI 1.3, 2.6; P ≤ .001), and consequently higher Homeostatic Model Assessment for Insulin Resistance (HOMA-IR) (0.52; 95% CI 0.34, 0.70; P ≤ .001).