ALB and head and neck squamous cell carcinoma: Research across various cancers, including non-small cell lung cancer, metastatic renal cancer, osteosarcoma, melanoma, and head and neck squamous cell carcinoma, has demonstrated that specific changes in peripheral blood indices—namely the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR), platelet-to-albumin ratio (PAR), lymphocyte-to-monocyte ratio (LMR), hemoglobin (HB), absolute lymphocyte count (ALC), absolute neutrophil count (ANC), and nutritional status—can significantly influence treatment efficacy and the occurrence of irAEs (2, 3, 5).