TNF and neoplasm: Mutating CD28-based CAR-T with PRRP based on mutated YMNM enhances the secretion of IFN-γ and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), reduces the expression of the exhaustion-related transcription factor Nur77, and significantly enhances the cytotoxicity of CAR-T within 48 hours of treatment, demonstrating a superior survival advantage in tumor-bearing mice (52).