Additionally, inhibition of TNF-α can effectively alleviate intestinal inflammation.16 Anti-TNF agents are among the first biologics approved for treating IBD and have been widely used for remission and treatment of CD patients.17 Anti-TNF treatment appeared to significantly ameliorate the pro-inflammatory phenotypes of macrophages and adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) in CD-switched ADSCs.18 IL-17 is a cytokine with strong pro-inflammatory activity. Here, TNF is linked to Cowden disease.