We also found that in non-AD individuals, NfL levels in the A + T + group were elevated compared to the A − T− group (β = 178, p = 0.009); p-tau217 and GFAP levels were higher in the A + T − group compared to the A − T− group (β = 1.1, p = 0.026; β = 34.1, p = 0.003, respectively); and p-tau217 levels were increased in the A − T + group compared to the A − T− group (β = 1.9, p = 0.015) (Supplementary Figs. 8 and 9). The gene discussed is GFAP; the disease is Alzheimer disease.