Additionally, numerous factors related to oxidative stress, inflammation, and thrombosis (e.g., asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA), homocysteine, plasminogen activator inhibitor-I (PAI-I), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) have been proposed as cardiovascular risk markers indicating endothelial cell damage in PCOS. Here, VEGFA is linked to polycystic ovary syndrome.