Two recent studies have reported a role for NINJ1 in models of liver damage in mice, caused by LPS plus D-galactosamine, concanavalin A, Jo2 anti-Fas agonist antibody, or ischemia-reperfusion injury.132,133 One of these studies also demonstrated that anti-NINJ1 neutralizing antibodies, which prevent NINJ1 oligomerization, significantly reduced circulating DAMPs, including IL-18, HMGB1, mitochondrial DNA, and markers of liver inflammation.133 However, further characterization of NINJ1 in vivo is needed to fully assess its physiological significance. This evidence concerns the gene NINJ1 and inflammation.