Key biological processes linked to DAPs included ‘cell adhesion’ (for example, THBS2, NID1, CDH1), ‘hydrolase activity’ (for example, CNDP1, PAM), ‘apoptosis’ (for example, TWEAK, TRAIL, TGFB1) and ‘protease activity’ (for example, ANGPTL3, uPA, F7) (Extended Data Fig. 3b), suggesting early pathological adaptations to a WD, characterized by systemic inflammation and metabolic dysregulation. Here, TGFB1 is linked to Wilson disease.