Accordingly, we found increased mRNA levels of liver fibrosis (Col1a1, Col3a1, α-Sma, Tgf-β1) and HCC markers (Afp and Gpc3) at 3 months and 6 months (Fig. 1B), suggesting the successfully constructed DEN/CCl4-induced liver fibrosis and primary HCC model. This evidence concerns the gene TGFB1 and hepatocellular carcinoma.