APC and colorectal carcinoma: AXIN1 mutations were first identified in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), where loss-of-function mutations are present in approximately 11% of cases.295 Studies have shown that adenovirus-mediated transfer of wild-type AXIN1 can induce apoptosis in liver and CRC cells, a process hindered by mutations in APC, CTNNB1, or AXIN1.