TGFB1 and osteoarthritis: Silencing Fzd8 reduces prostate cancer cell migration, invasion, and TGF-β/Smad signaling, indicating that targeting Fzd8 could inhibit aberrant Wnt and TGF-β signaling in prostate cancer.224 Furthermore, PP2 mitigates osteoarthritis progression by inhibiting Wnt/β-catenin and activating the TGF-β/Smad pathway.225 In bone metastasis, TGF-β-induced DACT1 biomolecular condensates repress Wnt signaling.226