Clinical studies have shown that PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitor immunotherapy for high-grade gliomas, including GBM, does not significantly improve the median overall survival (mOS) of patients, and the complex tumor microenvironment (TME) in GBM may be the reason for the unsatisfactory treatment response of GBM [4, 5]. Here, CD274 is linked to glioblastoma.