IRS1 and diabetes mellitus: In conclusion, no significant changes were found in skeletal muscle gene expressionof IRS1, IRS2, SLC2A1, and SLC2A4 in criticallyill patients with or without DM, but interestingly, stress-induced hyperglycemiadownregulated IRS1. Research focused on gene expression representsa valuable contribution to elucidate the impact of certain genes and pathways on theoutcomes of critically ill patients with DM.