TNF and cancer: LOX enhances the hypoxia adaptation of tumour cells by upregulating HIF‐1α, which in turn activates the NF‐κB pathway and drives the secretion of inflammatory factors (e.g., IL‐6, TNF‐α), further recruiting immunosuppressive cells (e.g., TAMs, MDSCs) to form a pro‐cancer TME [44, 45].