The activation of these lymphocytes leads to the dysregulated secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as interleukin-4 (IL-4), interleukin-13 (IL-13), and interleukin-31 (IL-31), which precipitate the inflammatory cascade in AD through the Janus kinase (JAK) signaling pathways. Here, IL31 is linked to Alzheimer disease.