TNF and Alzheimer disease: None of the cytokines were significantly different between early-stage AD and early-stage AD controls (IL-4: p = 0.994, beta = 0.001, 95% CI: -0.313 to 0.315, IL-10: p = 0.323, beta = 0.13, 95%CI: -0.139 to 0.405, IL-13: W = 141, p = 0.423, IFN-γ: p = 0.134, beta = 4.000, 95%CI: -1.323 to 9.33, IL-2: p = 0.245, beta = 4.443, 95%CI: -3.250 to 12.137, IL-8: p = 0.273, beta = -0.409, 95%CI: -1.162 to 0.343, IL-12p70: p = 0.498, beta = -2.601, 95%CI: -10.409 to 5.207, TNFα: p = 0.076, beta = -0.255, 95%CI: -0.539 to 0.029; Fig 2C-L)