Early-stage AD group (17.742 (9.997)) showed significantly higher ICAM-1 expression (p = 0.001** beta = -0.564, 95% CI: -0.873 to -0.255) compared to early-stage AD controls (8.877 (3.569)), indicating increased endothelial activation in the early stage of AD (Fig 2A-B). This evidence concerns the gene ICAM1 and Alzheimer disease.