Exogenously added Gal-1 also induces changes in the gene expression profiles of M1- and M2-like macrophages by increasing the expression of e.g., indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO), C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 5 (CXCL5), IL-1β, IL-4, and Janus kinase 3 (JAK3), all of which are involved in the regulation of tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs). This evidence concerns the gene GAL and neoplasm.