Studies in post-mortem human tissue of patients with MDD have demonstrated lower expression of astrocyte markers GFAP and vimentin as well as decreased astrocyte density notably amongst the prefrontal cortex and hippocampus (Cobb et al., 2016; Liu J. et al., 2022; O’Leary and Mechawar, 2021; Qi et al., 2019). This evidence concerns the gene GFAP and major depressive disorder.