Second, Koomen et al. 31 also identified IGFBP-3 in rat heart perfusates, validating our discovery, and third, IGFBP-7 has found promise as a useful prognostic marker in heart failure, thus linking the IGFBP family to CVD.25,33 The cardiac stress testing and SAA groups were chosen as trial testing groups to determine temporal and biochemical responses of IGFBP-3 to (i) ischaemia without infarction and (ii) a clinical model of infarction where the onset is precisely known. The gene discussed is IGFBP3; the disease is heart failure.