Connection between overexpression of Drp1 and NLRP3 activation in OLs (oligodendrocytes) with inflammation and axon degenerations with the high level of gene expression of Drp1, Nlrp3 and IL-1β in patients with AD and transgenic 5xFAD mice.Approximately the same results in cell line of OLs with Aβ(1–42)-oligomer therapy.Mfn1/2 alterations were not detected.OL-specific heterozygous knockout of Drp1 correlated to decreasing of NLRP3-associated inflammation level, renewal of cognitive function and reducing of axons and myelin damages in mice model of AD as a consequence. This evidence concerns the gene IL1B and Alzheimer disease.