STAT5A has been implicated in various neoplastic conditions, for example, it is overexpressed in hematological malignancies and glioblastoma and suppressed in malignancies of the breast and ovaries suggesting a dual role of STAT5A as a tumor promoter or as a tumor suppressor depending on the underlying pathophysiology (Maninang et al., 2023). The gene discussed is STAT5A; the disease is neoplasm.