SMAD4 and non-small cell lung carcinoma: Downregulation of SMAD3 or absence of SMAD4 suppresses the expression of TGF-β1 which in turn induced the expression of anti-apoptotic proteins such as Bcl-2 and Bcl-w enhancing cell survivability to response to platinum coordinated compounds in NSCLC and 5-FU in CRC (Zhang et al., 2021).